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As one of Nicotiana tobacco, Maryland tobacco is a tinge air-cured tobacco, with moderate taste. Its name is from the 350-year planting history in Maryland. Located in south-east coteau of America, Maryland adapts to grow Maryland Tobacco. The perennial planting reaches ten thousand hectare, with output of 1500kg per hectare. 90% Maryland tobacco in the world are produced in Maryland. Besides, A few of Maryland tobacco are produced in Italy, South Africa, France and China. Maryland tobacco is the material of bucket tobacco, chewing tobacco, snuff and cigarette. We brought in it as the material of mixed cigarette and cigar.
As the typical tobacco, Maryland tobacco is produced by airing and drying, belonging to ecologic agricultural industry in our city which changes natural advantage to economic superiority. With the characteristics of excellent aroma, low nicotine and sugar, thin leaf, strong combustibility and good filling, Maryland tobacco is the high quality material for low-nicotine mixed cigarette and flue-cured cigarette. Maryland tobacco would be planted in such fields or dry land with altitude of 900-1000m and acid soil. The best soil for Maryland tobacco is silver sand soil, maple surface soil, 17.8-30.5 cm, brown central soil. These kind of soil has excellent features of drainage and water-storage. The fertilizer for Maryland tobacco is less than Burley tobacco, and the nitrogen for it is near to flue-cured tobacco. It can be fertilized while transplanting or 2-3 weeks after replanting. Not chlorine but kalium is often used as fertilizer to improve the quality of tobacco leaves. The planting diseases and insect pests of Maryland tobacco are nearly the same as flue-cured tobacco, such as tobacco blank shank, tobacco mosaic virus and tobacco brown spot. The confection period of tobacco leaves is 23-25 days, and 35-40 days for tobacco trees. After finishing airing, tobacco leaves should be picked for storage or sale. The color of tobacco leaves would become deeper, and would loss weight if hanging in the drying room for long time. Picking and classification procedure of Maryland tobacco is the same as Burley tobacco, returning soft in such environment with relative humidity of 70%. The tobacco leaves will become softer with relative humidity of 86%, and will prevent from imbibing under the temperature of 16℃.
As one type of N.tabacum of Nicotiana, Burley tobacco, exactly named as White Burley, is originated from Ohio, USA. In 1864, a kind of creamy tobacco plant was discovered in the seed plot of Maryland tobacco for the first time. However, people threw it away by considering it would be sick plant. People kept it down by considering it is a green-lack mutation when it appeared for the second time. Through experiment, it was developed as a new type and was testify it’s special value. Now, Burley tobacco in the world is mostly propagated from the mutation. Burley tobacco is not only the transliteration of Burley County but also the free translation for the white color of stem and tobacco leaf.
As one of the largest types of tinge tobacco, Burley tobacco is more than the sum of other tinge tobacco, mainly used as raw material of mixed tobacco, cigar and chewing tobacco. Burley tobacco is mainly distributed in nearly 60 countries of America, Asia and Europe. Since the beginning of this century, Burley tobacco is increased fast. USA is the largest country for burley production and consumption in the world. Italy began to grow Burley tobacco in 1970s, with perennial planting of 17,000 hectare and total output of 5.7 metric ton. With rapid development in Brazil, its perennial planting is 31,000 hectare and total output is 38,000 metric ton. Our country tried to plant Burley tobacco in Guangdong, Hubei, Sichuan, Hunan, Henan and Heilongjiang in 1986. We mainly engaged in the research of multi tranplanting peroid, multi density, fertilizer experiment, multi harvest matured degree and drying methods. We went to Kentucky for the information about Burley tobacco in 1989. In 1990, we invited Burley expert of America to give lectures. Afterwards, we made great progress in planting. From 1990 to 1993, the output of Burley tobacco is 140-150 kg per mu, with red-yellow lower leaf and red-brown upper leaf. Through appraisal by tobacco samples, Burley tobacco planted in Yunnan reached the advanced standard of domestic tobacco and can be used in the mixed tobacco.
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